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Abstract: The article provides an overview of modern methodological concepts of spatial man-and-existence relations in a common field of philosophy and literature. The author discusses some of the axioms of phenomenological, structural-semiotics and literary analysis of methodological approaches to the submission of topos, a place as part of a space, the concept of «heterotopia» and «heterotopology». For modern literary criticism, where the concepts of «space» and «heterotopia» have acquired constitutive status, the phenomenology-topological characteristics of such representatives of the New French critics as G. Bachelard, M. Foucault, J. Derrida, and G. Deleuze, as well as G. Bataille, E. Levinas and M. Blanchot are very significant. The article also provides the definitions of D. Zamyatin, who conducted pioneer research in interdisciplinary science - so-called humanitarian geography. The author of the article relies on theoretical and philosophical ideas related to the analysis of space and the problem of the formation of cultural and national identity in the writings of N. Lossky, P. Florensky, M. Bakhtin, B. Uspensky. Russian «traditional» prose is regarded in the article as an artistic phenomenon emerged in the mainstream of travel literature that originates in Russian idea of wandering. One of the most significant manifestations of the uniqueness of this philosophy of space is a chronotope in the texts of I. Bunin and M. Sholokhov and in works of V. Rasputin, V. Shukshin, V. Belov, V. Astafyev — luminaries of «village prose», the only embodiment of national ideology in literary process of 1950-early 2000-ies.