Article: PDF
DOI: 10.51762/1FK-2023-28-01-12
Abstract: Tom Stoppard’s ‘science dramas’ have been mostly associated with Hapgood (1988), where Spy games were interwoven with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, and Arcadia (1993), one of the most famous play, united mathematics, landscape design, literary history, and Chaos theory. But there are also philosophy plays, such as Jumpers (1972) and Professional Foul (1977), among Stoppard’s works. The playwright appeals to Cambridge Analytic philosophy of Bertrand Russell, George E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein in the 1970s plays, combining proper philosophical, logical and ethical questions, and then keeps regarding the history of philosophy and the philosophy of history in his later plays. The article considers Stoppard’s later plays The Hard Problem (2015) and Leopoldstadt (2020) in concern with the history of science in theatre. The Hard Problem deals with the problem of consciousness which is fundamental for the heroes of the play; the range of philosophical allusions is significantly updated here. The characters of the play serve at “the Krohl Institute for Brain Science”, they debate the newest achievements of psychological science and of the ‘philosophy of consciousness’. Contemporary scholars Richard Dawkins, Thomas Nagel, John Searle, D. S. Wilson are named by the playwright himself as the authors of the books, Stoppard is ‘in debt to’, ‘as for the science in The Hard Problem’. The ideas of philosophers are actively ‘quoted’ by the characters, helping them to build different points of view on the problems of ‘mindbody’, ‘brain-computer’ or of ‘altruism vs egoism as the basement of human behavior’. As a result, Hilary, the protagonist, “is not proud to be a materialist”. Leopoldstadt is a play about the Holocaust and it is considered as the most personal Stoppard’s play up to the moment. The play presents the story of an extended Austrian-Jewish family whose many members became the victims of the Holocaust. There is a historical collision in the play, but T. Stoppard includes the figures or ideas of Sigmund Freud and Ludwig Wittgenstein to create the cultural context of Vienna before the WWII. Freud is regarded as a symbol of Austrian culture and as to some extent a prophet of ‘the nightmares’ in the history of the 20th century. Wittgenstein and his philosophy of language have been of permanent interest for the dramatist. Nevertheless, in Leopoldstadt there is an allusion to the history of the Wittgenstein family and to Alexander Waugh’s book The House of Wittgenstein. A Family at War. It is typical for the playwright’s style that philosophical or political debates in his drama correlate with Stoppard’s theatrical and literary experiments. The article considers different possibilities of presenting philosophical ideas and moral concepts in the plays by Stoppard.
Key words: Tom Stoppard; The Hard Problem; Leopoldstadt; contemporary British drama; ‘science plays’, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Bertrand Russell, Thomas Nagel, The House of Wittgenstein. A Family at War by A. Waugh

Для цитирования:

Доценко, Е. Г. Философы и философия в поздних пьесах Т. Стоппарда / Е. Г. Доценко // Philological Class. – 2023. – Vol. 28 ⋅ №1 . – С. 133–147. DOI 10.51762/1FK-2023-28-01-12.

For citation

Dotsenko, E. G. (2023). Philosophy and the Philosophers in Tom Stoppard’s Later Plays. In Philological Class. 2023. Vol. 28 ⋅ №1 . P. 133–147. DOI 10.51762/1FK-2023-28-01-12.

About the author(s) :

Elena G. Dotsenko
Ural State Pedagogical University (Ekaterinburg, Russia)
ORCID-ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-3865

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 30.12.2022; date of publication: 30.03.2023

References:

Ananyevskaya, I. V. (2008). Interpretatsiya teksta dramaticheskogo proizvedeniya, opirayushchegosya na estestvenno-nauchnye teorii (na materiale p’esy Toma Stopparda «Arkadiya») [Interpretation of the Text of a Dramatic Work with the Help of Natural Science Theories (Based on the Material of Tom Stoppard’s Play “Arcadia”)]. In Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Lingvistika i mezhkul’turnaya kommunikaciya. No. 2, pp. 106–109.

Ananyevskaya, I. V. (2011). Sovremennye estestvenno-nauchnye teorii i khudozhestvennoe svoeobrazie p’es T. Stopparda «Hepgud» i «Arkadiya» i M. Freina «Kopengagen» [Modern Natural-Scientific Theories and the Artistic Originality of the Plays “Hapgood” and “Arcadia” by T. Stoppard and “Copenhagen” by M. Frayn]. Dis. … kand. filol. nauk. Voronezh. 143 p.

Billington, M. (2015). The Hard Problem review. Tom Stoppard Tackles Momentous Ideas. In The Guardian. Jan. 29. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/jan/28/the-hard-problem-review-tom-stoppard (mode of access: 26.11.2022).

Boireau, N. (1997). Tom Stoppard’s Metadrama: The Haunting Repetition. In Boireau, N. (Ed.). Drama on Drama: Dimensions of Theatricality on the Contemporary British Stage. New York, St. Martin’s Press, pp. 136–151.

Bulatov, D. (2019). Modernisty vs aktsionisty [Modernists vs Actionists]. In Iskusstvo. No. 1 (608). URL: https://iskusstvo-info.ru/modernisty-vs-aktsionisty/ (mode of access: 01.12.2022).

Chalmers, D. J. (2019). Soznayushchii um: V poiskakh fundamental’noi teorii [The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory]. Moscow, Editorial URSS. 512 p. URL: https://booksprime.ru/books/soznayuschiy-um-v-poiskah-fundamentalnoy-teorii/ (mode of access: 10.12.2022).

Dotsenko, E. G. (2020). Soprotivlyayas’ postdrame: Epicheskie p’esy Toma Stopparda [Bucking the Postdramatic:

The Epic Plays by Tom Stoppard]. In Praktiki i Interpretatsii: zhurnal filologicheskikh, obrazovatel’nykh i kul’turnykh issledovanii. Vol. 5. No. 1, pp. 60–81.

Dokinz, R. (2013). Egoistichnyi gen [The Selfish Gene]. Moscow. Corpus (AST). 237 p. URL: https://enc-medica.ru/wp-content/uploads/R.Dokinz-Egoistichnyj-gen.pdf (mode of access: 10.12.2022).

Dowd, M. (2022). Sir Tom Stoppard Returns to New York with ‘Leopoldstadt’. In The New York Times. Sept. 7. URL:

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/07/theater/tom-stoppard-leopoldstadt-broadway.html (mode of access: 10.12.2022).

Dvoryankina, I. S. (2022). Poetika i funktsii istoricheskikh personazhei v dramaturgii T. Stopparda [Poetics and Functions of Historical Characters in T. Stoppard’s Drama]. Dis. … kand. filol. nauk. Moscow. 203 p.

Nagel, T. (2001). Chto vse eto znachit? Ochen’ kratkoe vvedenie v filosofiyu [What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy]. Moscow, Ideya-Press. 84 p.

Rassel, B. (2020). Pochemu ya ne khristianin [Why I am Not a Christian]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo «AST». 320 p.

Rodway, A. (1986). Stoppard’s Comic Philosophy. In Bloom, H. (Ed.). Modern Critical Views: Tom Stoppard. New York, Chelsea House Publishers, pp. 7–14.

Shatina, L. P. (2007). «Arkadiya» Toma Stopparda: «Kem on byl pered tem, kak stat’ simvolom» [“Arcadia” by Tom Stoppard: ‘Who Was He before He Became a Symbol’]. In Kritika i semiotika. Issue 11, pp. 266–279.

Stoppard, T. (2008). Arkadiya [Arcadia]. In Stoppard, T. Rozenkrants i Gil’denstern mertvy: p’esy. Moscow, Inostranka, pp. 557–702.

Stoppard, T. (1974). Jumpers. New York, Grove Press. 89 p.

Stoppard, T. (2002). Voyage: The Coast of Utopia. Part I. New York, Grove Press. 114 p.

Stoppard, T. (2015). The Hard Problem. London, Faber and Faber. 76 р.

Stoppard, T. (2020). Leopoldstadt. London, Faber and Faber. 105 р.

Stoppard, T. (1998). Dogg’s Hamlet, Cahoot’s Macbeth. In Stoppard, T. The Real Inspector Hound, and Other Plays. New York, Grove Press, pp. 139–174.

Serl, J. R. (2002). Otkryvaya soznanie zanovo [A Re-discovery of the Mind]. Moscow, Ideya-Press. 256 p.

Varshaver, O. A. (2020). «Dukh perevoda i dusha perevodchika». Interv’yu Natalii Deminoi s Ol’goi Varshaver [‘The Spirit of Translation and the Soul of the Translator’. Interview with Olga Varshaver]. In Troitskii variant – Nauka. No. 19 (313). URL: https://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/435536/Dukh_perevoda_i_dusha_perevodchika (mode of access: 06.12.2022).

Vasilyev, V. V. (2009). Trudnaya problema soznaniya [The Hard Problem of Consciousness]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya. 272 p. URL: https://logic-books.info/sites/default/files/vasilev._trudnaya_problema_soznaniya.pdf.

Wittgenstein, L. (2019). Filosofskie issledovaniya [Philosophical Investigations]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo «AST». 384 p.

Vo, A. (2020). Dom Vitgenshteinov. Sem’ya v sostoyanii voiny [The House of Wittgenstein. A Family at War]. Moscow, Izdatel’skii dom «Delo» RANKhiGS. 440 p.