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Abstract: The article analyzes the structural, semantic and stylistic features of the feminitives recorded in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by D. N. Ushakov. The aim of the study is to identify the principles of selection of new words that emerged in the Russian language in the early 20th century. The language material obtained via the continuous sampling method is analyzed taking into account the derivational and semantic features. It has been found as a result of the analysis that the replenishment of the group of feminitives in the early 20th century is carried out by way of neoderivation associated with the professional and social activity of women due to the predominant use of the native Russian word-forming means. Such a word-forming meaning as “the wife of the person named by the motivating stem” has not been registered among neologisms. The analysis of the historical development of some feminitives shows that the word-forming structure of a word seriously affects its usage in the literary language. This trend is also valid in the Russian language of the early 21st century, however, in the word-forming structure of modern feminitives, there is also a tendency to reduce the number of suffixal morphemes that are used to create feminitive vocabulary: native speakers tend to produce feminitives using a single morpheme – the suffix -k(a). A wide system of notes accompanying the words nominating women in the dictionary shows that at the beginning of the 20th century, the category of feminitives was more likely to be formed than activated. The analysis of the structural, semantic and stylistic features and the system of notes indicates that the criteria for the selection of vocabulary for the dictionary include quantitative and qualitative indicators of the word usage in the language of that time. Quantitative indicators are related to the frequency of the word usage, and qualitative ones are associated with compliance with the literary norm. These benchmarks allowed the authors of the dictionary to avoid the inclusion of saliently unsuccessful formations.

About the author(s) :

Natalia N. Shcherbakova

Omsk State Pedagogical University (Omsk, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7242-8723

 

 

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 02.10.2023; date of publication: 30.12.2023

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